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IDETC-CIE 2023 > Program > Keynotes & Special Sessions

Keynotes & Special Sessions

Dr. Bo N.J. Persson

Dr. Bo N.J. Persson
Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, and Founder and CEO
MultiscaleConsulting, Jülich, Germany

Keynote Title: Rubber friction, tire dynamics and ABS braking simulations

Abstract: I discuss the origin of rubber friction on hard rough surfaces and present a simple rubber friction law, which can be used, e.g., in models of tire (and vehicle) dynamics. I present a two-dimensional (2D) tire model which combines the rubber friction model with a simple mass-spring description of the tire body. The tire model is very flexible and can be used to calculate μ-slip curves (and the self-aligning torque) for braking and cornering or combined motion (e.g., braking during cornering). I present numerical results which illustrate the theory. Simulations of Anti-Blocking System (ABS) braking are performed using two simple control algorithms.

Rubber friction is a topic of huge practical importance, e.g., for tires, rubber seals, wiper blades, conveyor belts and syringes. In most theoretical studies rubber friction is described using very simple phenomenological models, e.g., the Coulombs friction law with a friction coefficient which may depend on the local sliding velocity.

However, rubber friction depends on the history of the sliding motion (memory effects), which we have found to be crucial for an accurate description of rubber friction. For rubber sliding on a hard rough substrate, the history dependence of the friction is mainly due to frictional heating in the rubber-substrate contact regions. Many experimental observations, such as an apparent dependence of the rubber friction on the normal stress, can be attributed to the influence of frictional heating on the rubber friction.

A large number of papers have been published related to tire dynamics, in particular in the context of Anti-Blocking System braking models. The "heart" in tire dynamics is the road-rubber tire friction. Thus, unless this friction is accurately described, no tire model, independent of how detailed the description of the tire body may be, will provide an accurate picture of tire dynamics. However, most treatments account for the road-tire friction in a very approximate way. Thus, many “advanced” finite element studies for tire dynamics account for the friction only via a static and a kinetic rubber friction coefficients. In other studies the dynamics of the whole tire is described using interpolation formulas, e.g., the “Magic Formula”, but this approach requires a very large set of measured tire properties (which are expensive and time-consuming to obtain), and cannot describe the influence of history (or memory) effects on tire dynamics.

One advantage of the 2D-model over a full 3D-model is that one can easily impose any foot-print pressure distribution one likes (e.g., measured pressure distributions), while in a 3D-model the pressure distribution is fixed by the model itself. This allows a detailed study on how sensitive the tire dynamics depend on the nature of the footprint pressure distribution. The tire model is illustrated by calculating μ-slip curves and with simulations of ABS braking using two different control algorithms.

Biography: B.N.J. Persson is a research scientist at the Research Center Jülich, Germany, and the Founder and CEO of MultiscaleConsulting, a company specialized in consulting with (mainly) tire and medical companies about contact mechanics and rubber friction. He received his PhD degree from Chalmers University, Sweden, on the topic of “Dynamical Processes at Surfaces”, but since the middle of the 1990s, his focus is mainly on tribology problems. Persson has been a visiting scientist for several years at the IBM Research Laboratories in Yorktown Heights and Zürich. He has published more than 500 articles in refereed journals and is the author of Sliding Friction: Physical Principles and Applications, which appeared in the late 1990s, and co-author with Professor A.I. Volokitin of Electromagnetic Fluctuations at the Nanoscale, published in 2017.

During consulting with the Pirelli Tire company, he developed a fundamental contact mechanics theory for rough surfaces. This is the only physically valid analytical approach today for the contact between solids with random roughness on arbitrary many length scales. The theory has been applied to many important problems, including rubber friction and leakage of rubber seals.

Dr. Persson has been presented by many awards, including the Walter-Schottky- Prize of Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, the Adhesion Society Award of Excellence, the Tire Society Lifetime Achievement Award and the Tribology Gold Medal.

Title: Design for Safe and Reliable Autonomous Systems

Moderator: Dr. Zhimin Xi (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, US)

Description: Autonomous systems in engineering, especially in manufacturing systems automation, are becoming increasingly popular. As more and more autonomous systems are expected to enter our daily lives in the future, such as autonomous vehicles and personalized additive manufactured products, safety, quality, and performance reliability are major concerns.

Common properties of autonomous systems, particularly those involving human interactions, include complex operation conditions, endless corner cases, and a high degree of machine learning or AI model employment. Each of these properties makes system design challenging, creating significant uncertainties in addition to the design complexity.

While machine learning or AI models have been extensively used in autonomous vehicles for perception and navigation system design, many research problems remain unsolved. For example, how reliable are these AI models in real operating conditions, and how can the system be designed to ensure reliable operation even when the AI model is incorrect? Similarly, how can accurate machine learning or AI models be built for additive manufacturing machines with unknown process uncertainty, and how can these models be used to design better parts or products with guaranteed quality and lifetime reliability for personalized products? These questions are related not only to the theoretical foundation of various AI models but also to their applications in autonomous vehicles and additive manufacturing.

This panel includes top experts from AI modeling, autonomous vehicles, and additive manufacturing from both industry and academia. We are excited to have you join us for an engaging and thought-provoking discussion.

Dr. Zhimin Xi

Dr. Zhimin Xi
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, US
Moderator

Qi Hommes

Dr. Qi Hommes
Senior Director
ZooX
Panelist

Chris Robinson

Mr. Chris Robinson
Senior Product Manager
Ansys
Panelist

Dr. Heng Huang

Dr. Heng Huang
Professor
Univ. of Maryland, College Park
Panelist

Dr. Rajiv Malhotra

Dr. Rajiv Malhotra
Associate Professor
Rutgers University, New Brunswick
Panelist

Biographies

Qi Hommes is the Director of System Safety Engineering and Analysis within the System Design and Mission Assurance (SDMA) department at Zoox. SDMA constructs the Safety Case and validates that Zoox vehicles are safe to operate within the scope of each milestone. Qi joined Zoox in March 2021 from Waymo. She was the Head of System Safety team at Waymo, where she played an instrumental role in the Waymo One launch. Qi's career spanned across private industry, government, and academia. Her experience includes systems engineering within traditional automotive companies (Ford and GM), Principal Investigator for the US Department of Transportation leading NHTSA-sponsored automotive safety research, and Research Scientist at MIT teaching and supervising student theses. Qi holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from MIT, specialized in the theory and methodology for the design and development of large complex systems.

Chris Robinson is an Ansys Additive Manufacturing and Metal Forming Senior Product Manager at Ansys. He started his career of AM research when designing satellite components in 2004. He has been in a manufacturing research environment for 18 years at Sandia National Laboratories, Utah State University, NAVAIR, Boeing, 3DSIM and Ansys. Chris has led many R&D product development projects ranging from fundamental research (TRL 1) to production readiness for commercial application (TRL 9). He has worked on material, process, application, and software development efforts utilizing, metal, polymer, and direct-write processes. He has experience in managing projects ranging from semi-autonomous vehicles, to UAVs, to components for commercial aircraft. His current focus is to help the Additive Manufacturing and Metal Forming industries make a positive difference in the lives of individuals and the environment, by guiding software solutions that help them address their real day to day product development problems through process simulation.

Dr. Heng Huang is John A. Jurenko Endowed Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Pittsburgh, and also Professor in Biomedical Informatics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Dr. Huang received the PhD degree in Computer Science at Dartmouth College. His research areas include machine learning, artificial intelligence, and biomedical data science. Dr. Huang has published more than 280 papers in top-tier conferences and many papers in premium journals, such as ICML, NeurIPS, KDD, IJCAI, AAAI, ICCV, CVPR, Nature Machine Intelligence, Journal of Machine Learning Research, IEEE TPAMI, etc. As PI, Dr. Huang currently is leading NIH R01s, U01, and multiple NSF funded projects on machine learning, data science, AIoT, smart healthcare, and cyber physical system. He is a Fellow of AIBME and served as the Program Chair of ACM SIGKDD Conference 2020. He will be the inaugural Brendan Iribe Endowed Professor in Computer Science at the University of Maryland College Park.

Dr. Rajiv Malhotra got his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Northwestern University and joined Rutgers University in 2017. His research interests lie in the science-driven innovation and control of additive manufacturing processes across multiple length scales and application sectors. He is an associate editor for SME Manufacturing Letters and SME Journal of Manufacturing Processes, a guest-editor for ASME and SME journals, chair of the Micro-Nanomanufacturing track chair in the ASME Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, and a scientific committee member in the North American Manufacturing Research Conference. His research and service efforts were recognized by the SME Young Manufacturing Engineer Award and the SME Associate Editor of the Year Award.

Arvind Raman

Arvind Raman
John A. Edwardson Dean of Engineering and the Robert V. Adams Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University

Arvind Raman's research focuses on exploiting nonlinear dynamics for innovations in diverse interdisciplinary areas such as nanotechnology, biomechanics and appropriate technologies for sustainable development. His work on the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has helped the scientific and industrial community recognize and exploit nonlinear effects to better and more rapidly image and measure properties of complex materials at the nanoscale. Via the cyberinfrastructure of nanohub the AFM simulation tools developed by Raman’s group have been used by thousands of researchers worldwide. He is the co-founder of the Shah Family Global Innovation Lab in the College of Engineering that supports technology development and translation of technologies for sustainable development and the PI of the $70M USAID funded LASER PULSE center that convenes and catalyzes a global network of universities, government agencies, non- governmental organizations, and the private sector for research-driven practical solutions to critical development challenges in Low- and Middle- Income Countries.

Raman is an ASME fellow, an ASME Gustus Larson Memorial Award recipient, Keeley fellow (Oxford), College of Engineering outstanding young investigator awardee, and a NSF CAREER awardee. Professor Raman joined Purdue University in 2000 as an Assistant Professor following a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley advised by Prof. C.D Mote Jr. (1999), MS in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University (1993), and a B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (1991).

Presentation information forthcoming

Aki Mikkola

Aki Mikkola
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
LUT School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta

Biography: Aki Mikkola received a Ph.D. in the field of machine design in 1997. Since 2002, he has been working as a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland. Currently, Mikkola leads the research team of the Laboratory of Machine Design. He has been awarded five patents, has contributed to more than 150 peer-reviewed journal papers and has presented more than 100 conference articles. His major research activities are related to flexible multibody dynamics, rotating structures, and biomechanics. Mikkola is currently Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Multibody System Dynamics (Springer).

Presentation information forthcoming

Gábor Stépán

Gábor Stépán
Professor of Applied Mechanics,
Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Europe

Biography: Gábor Stépán is a professor of Applied Mechanics, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Europe. ERC Advanced Grant holder, holder of the Széchenyi Prize. Former dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Research fields include delayed dynamical systems, stability theory, and nonlinear vibrations. Current or former member of the editorial boards: Nonlinear Dynamics, Journal of Nonlinear Science, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Physica D.

Presentation information forthcoming

 

Description: This session will provide an overview of key topics in extreme design, as well as guidance on research drivers and needs of interest to NSF and NASA programs

Kathryn W. Jablokow

Kathryn W. Jablokow, Ph.D.
Program Director, Engineering Design & Systems Engineering
National Science Foundation

Biography: Dr. Kathryn Jablokow is a Professor of Engineering Design and Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University and currently serves the National Science Foundation in the Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation Division as Program Director for the Engineering Design and Systems Engineering program. Dr. Jablokow is widely recognized for her expertise in cognitive diversity and its impact in engineering education and practice, including manufacturing education and student design experiences. Dr. Jablokow has received many major teaching and research awards, including the W. M. Keck Foundation Teaching Excellence Award and the ASME Ruth and Joel Spira Outstanding Design Educator Award. Dr. Jablokow is a Fellow of ASME, a Senior Member of IEEE, and a Member of ASEE, Sigma Xi, and the Design Society. She earned her BS, MS, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from The Ohio State University in 1983, 1985, and 1989, respectively.

 

 

Anna-Maria R. McGowan

Anna-Maria R. McGowan, Ph.D.
NASA Senior Executive for Complex Systems Design

Biography: Dr. Anna-Maria Rivas McGowan is the Agency Senior Executive for Complex Systems Design at NASA. She serves as a Senior Technical Advisor to the Agency focusing on research, design, development, and operations of complex systems including human, organizational, societal, and engineering challenges. Her work incorporates quantitative and qualitative methods to integrate fields external to aerospace with engineering approaches to improve aerospace system performance, innovation, and broader societal impacts. Dr. McGowan has over 30 years of experience and has served as a NASA Senior Project Manager, DARPA Agent, NSF Visiting Scientist, NATO Consultant, International Short Course Instructor, Flight Test Leader, Wind-Tunnel Test Engineer, and Researcher in engineering and organization science. Dr. McGowan has a B.S. in Aero/Astro Engineering from Purdue University, M.S. in Aerospace Engineering/Engineering Mechanics from Old Dominion University, and Ph.D. in Design Science from the University of Michigan.

 

Description: In this workshop, the fundamentals of grant proposal writing for the National Science Foundation (NSF) will be covered. Participants will learn about key topics, including the components of a successful proposal and finding the right home for the research. Critical aspects of the merit review process will be presented. This workshop is geared towards early career and aspiring investigators at U.S. institutions seeking to understand the NSF merit review process, although the information provided will be valuable to principal investigators in any stage of their career seeking to learn more about proposal writing.

Kathryn W. Jablokow

Kathryn W. Jablokow, Ph.D.
Program Director, Engineering Design & Systems Engineering
National Science Foundation

Biography: Dr. Kathryn Jablokow is a Professor of Engineering Design and Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University and currently serves the National Science Foundation in the Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation Division as Program Director for the Engineering Design and Systems Engineering program. Dr. Jablokow is widely recognized for her expertise in cognitive diversity and its impact in engineering education and practice, including manufacturing education and student design experiences. Dr. Jablokow has received many major teaching and research awards, including the W. M. Keck Foundation Teaching Excellence Award and the ASME Ruth and Joel Spira Outstanding Design Educator Award. Dr. Jablokow is a Fellow of ASME, a Senior Member of IEEE, and a Member of ASEE, Sigma Xi, and the Design Society. She earned her BS, MS, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from The Ohio State University in 1983, 1985, and 1989, respectively.

Description: In this session, NSF Program Directors will discuss a range of funding opportunities of interest to the design research community, including the ERI, BRITE, GOALI, and CAREER solicitations, as well as the new BioDesign DCL. Best practices for unsolicited proposals submitted to the EDSE program will also be discussed. Opportunities from the new TIP Directorate will be covered, and ample time for Q&A will be provided

Kathryn W. Jablokow

Kathryn W. Jablokow, Ph.D.
Program Director, Engineering Design & Systems Engineering
National Science Foundation

Biography: Dr. Kathryn Jablokow is a Professor of Engineering Design and Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University and currently serves the National Science Foundation in the Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation Division as Program Director for the Engineering Design and Systems Engineering program. Dr. Jablokow is widely recognized for her expertise in cognitive diversity and its impact in engineering education and practice, including manufacturing education and student design experiences. Dr. Jablokow has received many major teaching and research awards, including the W. M. Keck Foundation Teaching Excellence Award and the ASME Ruth and Joel Spira Outstanding Design Educator Award. Dr. Jablokow is a Fellow of ASME, a Senior Member of IEEE, and a Member of ASEE, Sigma Xi, and the Design Society. She earned her BS, MS, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from The Ohio State University in 1983, 1985, and 1989, respectively.

Steven W. Shaw

Steven W. Shaw
Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
Florida Institute of Technology

Keynote Title: Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorbers – from Den Hartog to Now

Abstract: Centrifugal pendulum absorbers consist of movable masses attached to a rotating shaft, designed to reduce engine-order torsional vibrations. They have been in wide use in light aircraft engines since WWII, and the past decade has seen their extensive application in automotive powertrain components, where they are used to improve fuel economy and passenger comfort. The first fundamental analysis of their linear tuning was developed by Meissner (1930), and Den Hartog (1938) first described the detrimental effects of nonlinearity. Newland (1964) suggested a means of tuning that avoids the worst of these effects when using circular path pendulums, but at the cost of diminished efficacy. Madden (1980) suggested an approach for nonlinear tuning using cycloidal path absorbers, and this was refined by Denman (1992), offering further improvements using tautochronic epicycloidal paths. Since then, theoretical and experimental studies have solidified our understanding of these systems and provided approaches for tuning that optimize their performance. In this presentation I will review this history and discuss three recent developments that have added to our practical understanding of these devices: (i) the dynamics of absorbers immersed in fluid, such as those used in torque converters, (ii) the effects of gravity, which come into play at low engine speeds and disrupt the desired uniform pattern of response, and (iii) the use of absorbers that rotate relative to the host rotor, allowing for increased vibration correction for a given amount of absorber mass. Absorber tuning strategies that account for these effects will be presented. Finally, difficulties associated with implementing these absorbers for other applications, such as the gear systems used in electric vehicles, will also be briefly discussed.

Bio: Steven W. Shaw is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Florida Institute of Technology and Adjunct Professor of Physics and Astronomy and University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan State University. He received an AB in Physics (1978) and an MSE in Applied Mechanics (1979) from the University of Michigan and a PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (1983) from Cornell University. His current research interests include vibration absorbers and micro/nano-scale resonators, with an emphasis on nonlinear and noisy behavior and applications to timekeeping, sensing, and torsional vibrations. He has held visiting appointments at Cornell University, the University of Michigan, Caltech, the University of Minnesota, the University of California-Santa Barbara, and McGill University. Steve is a Fellow of ASME (1995) and recipient of the Henry Ford Customer Satisfaction Award (1986), the ASME Henry Hess Award (1986), the SAE Arch T. Colwell Merit Award (1997), the ASME N. O. Myklestad Award (2013), the ASME T. K. Caughey Dynamics Award (2019), and the ASME J. P. Den Hartog Award (2023).

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